Xenon
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Xenon

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Xenon is a chemical element; it has symbol Xe and atomic number 54. It is a dense, colorless, odorless noble gas found in Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts. Although generally unreactive, it can undergo a few chemical reactions such as the formation of xenon hexafluoroplatinate, the first noble gas compound to be synthesized. Xenon is used in flash lamps and arc lamps, and as a general anestheti

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Xenon, 54Xe
A xenon-filled discharge tube glowing light blue
Xenon
Pronunciation
Appearancecolorless gas, exhibiting a blue glow when placed in an electric field
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Xe)
Xenon in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Kr
↑
Xe
↓
Rn
iodine ← xenon → caesium
Atomic number (Z)54
Groupgroup 18 (noble gases)
Periodperiod 5
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[Kr] 4d 5s 5p
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 18, 8
Physical properties
Phase at STPgas
Melting point161.40 K ​(−111.75 °C, ​−169.15 °F)
Boiling point165.051 K ​(−108.099 °C, ​−162.578 °F)
Density
when solid (at t.p.)
3.408 g/cm
(at STP)5.894 g/L
when liquid (at b.p.)2.942 g/cm
Triple point161.405 K, ​81.77 kPa
Critical point289.733 K, 5.842 MPa
Heat of fusion2.27 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization12.64 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity21.01 J/(mol·K)
Specific heat capacity160.027 J/(kg·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 83 92 103 117 137 165
Atomic properties
Oxidation statescommon: +2, +4, +6
0, +8
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.60
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1170.4 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2046.4 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3099.4 kJ/mol
Covalent radius140±9 pm
Van der Waals radius216 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of xenon
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4)
Lattice constant
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for xenon
a = 634.84 pm (at triple point, 161.405 K)
Thermal conductivity5.65×10 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility−43.9×10 cm/mol (298 K)
Speed of soundgas: 178 m·s
liquid: 1090 m/s
CAS Number7440-63-3
History
Namingfrom the Greek ξένος, meaning 'foreign(er)', 'strange(r)', or 'guest'
Discovery and first isolationWilliam Ramsay and Morris Travers (1898)
Isotopes of xenon
Main isotopes Decay
Isotope abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
Xe 0.095% 1.1×10 y εε Te
Xe synth 16.87 h β I
Xe 0.089% stable
Xe synth 36.342 d ε I
Xe 1.91% stable
Xe 26.4% stable
Xe 4.07% stable
Xe 21.2% stable
Xe 26.9% stable
Xe synth 5.2474 d β Cs
Xe 10.4% stable
Xe synth 9.14 h β Cs
Xe 8.86% 2.18×10 y ββ Ba
 Category: Xenon
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