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Tantalum
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Tantalum, ₇₃Ta

Tantalum
Pronunciation	/ˈtæntələm/ ​(TAN-təl-əm)
Appearance	gray blue
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ta)
	180.94788±0.00002 180.95±0.01 (abridged)
Tantalum in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Nb ↑ Ta ↓ Db hafnium ← tantalum → tungsten
Atomic number (Z)	73
Group	group 5
Period	period 6
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f 5d 6s
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	3290 K ​(3017 °C, ​5463 °F)
Boiling point	5731 K ​(5458 °C, ​9856 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	16.678 g/cm
when liquid (at m.p.)	15 g/cm
Heat of fusion	36.57 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	753 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.36 J/(mol·K)
Specific heat capacity	140.149 J/(kg·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 3297 3597 3957 4395 4939 5634
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	common: +5 −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.5
Ionization energies	1st: 761 kJ/mol 2nd: 1500 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 146 pm
Covalent radius	170±8 pm
Spectral lines of tantalum
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​body-centered cubic (bcc) (cI2)
Lattice constant	a = 330.29 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	6.3 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	57.5 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	131 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	+154.0×10 cm/mol (293 K)
Young's modulus	186 GPa
Shear modulus	69 GPa
Bulk modulus	200 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	3400 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio	0.34
Mohs hardness	6.5
Vickers hardness	870–1200 MPa
Brinell hardness	440–3430 MPa
CAS Number	7440-25-7
History
Naming	after Tantalus, Greek mythological figure
Discovery	Anders Gustaf Ekeberg (1802)
Recognized as a distinct element by	Heinrich Rose (1844)
Isotopes of tantalum v e
Main isotopes Decay Isotope abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct Ta synth 56.36 h β Hf Ta synth 2.36 h β Hf Ta synth 1.82 y ε Hf Ta synth 8.154 h ε Hf β W Ta 0.0120% observ. stable Ta 99.988% stable Ta synth 114.74 d β W Ta synth 5.1 d β W
Category: Tantalum view talk edit | references

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